Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized Patients with Pneumonia at Ganesha General Hospital

Abstract

According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar), the
prevalence of pneumonia in Indonesia increased from 2013 by 0.4%, reaching
2.0% in 2018. This indicates that pneumonia remains a significant public health
concern. This study employed a descriptive-analytic design using a retrospective
approach with secondary data to evaluate the quality and quantity of antibiotic use
in pneumonia patients. The qualitative aspect of antibiotic use was assessed using
the Gyssens method, while the quantitative evaluation was conducted using the
ATC/DDD method. Levofloxacin was found to be the most commonly used
antibiotic, both in parenteral form (34.05 DDD/100) and oral form, indicating its
dominant role as a primary treatment option. According to the 2023 National
Clinical Practice Guidelines (PNPK), 90.26% of antibiotic use was classified as
rational (Category 0) based on the Gyssens evaluation, while 9.73% fell into
Category IVa (there was a more effective alternative available).Chi-Square
analysis showed a p-value of 0.652 (p > 0.05), indicating that there was no
statistically significant association between the quality of antibiotic use (rational
vs. irrational) and the length of hospital stay (?3 days vs. >3 days).Although the
statistical analysis did not yield a significant result, irrational use of antibiotics still
poses risks such as reduced treatment effectiveness, increased antimicrobial
resistance, prolonged hospitalization, higher treatment costs, and potential clinical
complications. Therefore, rational antibiotic use remains essential to support
treatment success and prevent adverse long-term outcomes.